捷克语学习笔记

发音

辅音

• hard consonant
  • h /ɦ/ = voiced glottal fricative
  • ch /x/
  • d,
  • t
  • k
  • r
  • n
• soft consonant
  • c /tz/
  • ch /t͡ʃ/
  • j
  • ř /r̝/ = raised alveolar non-sonorant trill ≈ /rʒ/，和俄语的Ж /ʐ/还是不一样
  • š /ʃ/
  • ž /ʒ/
  • Ď/ď /c/
  • Ť/t'/ɟ/ = voiced alveolar-palatal affricate
  • Ñ/ñ /ɲ/
• ambiguous
  • b
  • p
  • f
  • s
  • l
  • v
  • m
  • z

词汇

第一次看到就能猜到意思的单词在这

• banán = banana, krém = cream, dezert = dessert, voda = water, ćaj = tea
• policie = police, ambasáda = embassy, restaurace = restaurant
• vinó = wine , dén = day, ne = no (和俄语一样)
• kečup = ketchup
• mapa = map, lampa = lamp, dieta = diet, toaleta = toilet, pošta = post
• balet = ballet, kemp = camp
• televize = television, informace = information
• minuta = minute, moderní = modern
• Praha = Prague
• Mluvíte anglicky? = Do you speak English?
• hokej = hockey

和英语一样的词在这

• soda, problém, metro, hotel, Londýn, sólo, jogurt, tenis, test,

新词

• ahoj = hi, ano = yes, prosím = please,
• Promiňte = sorry -> To nic = nothing
• Děkuju = thank you -> Není zač = not at all
• Měj se hezky = Have a good time -> Ty taky = You too
• pivo = beer, káva = coffee, kavárna = café, mléko = milk, sůl = salt
• byt = apartment, být = to be, dům = house
• kino = camera
• typ = type, gól = goal, tón = tone, móda = fashion, úkol = task, unie = union
• lekce = lesson

Misc

1. 双元音是把字母一个一个念出来，例：euro, auto, na sheledanou

2. Nashledanou的sh甚至读的也是s-h，na-s-h-le-da-no-u

3. 和俄语不一样，i和y发音完全相同，i叫做soft i，y叫做hard y

4. hard consonant跟hard y，soft consonant跟soft i， ambiguous consonant两个都有可能